A Short Note On Intensive Care And The Elderly Essay

References: 1. Horn J. Intensive care and the elderly. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. 1997;25(1):101-110. 2. Angus DC, Barnato AE, Linde-Zwirble WT, et al. Use of intensive care at the end of life in the United States: an epidemiologic study. Crit Care Med. 2004;32(3):638-643. 3. Bagshaw SM, Webb SA, Delaney A, et al. Very old patients admitted to intensive care in Australia and New Zealand: a multi-centre cohort analysis. Critical Care. 2009;13(2):R45. 4. Kim PK, Kauder DR, Schwab CW. Acute Care Surgery and the Elderly. Acute Care Surgery: Springer; 2007:187-193. 5. Levkoff SE, Cleary PD, Wetle T, Besdine RW. Illness behavior in the aged. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1988;36(7):622-629. 6. Watters JM, Blakslee JM, March RJ, Redmond ML. The influence of age on the severity of peritonitis. Canadian journal of surgery. 1996;39(2):142. 7. Radtke F, Franck M, Hagemann L, Seeling M, Wernecke K, Spies C. Risk factors for inadequate emergence after anesthesia: emergence delirium and hypoactive emergence. Minerva anestesiologica. 2010;76(6):394-403. 8. Young J, Inouye SK. Delirium in older people. BMJ: British Medical Journal. 2007;334(7598):842. 9. Ansaloni L, Catena F, Chattat R, et al. Risk factors and incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients after elective and emergency surgery. British Journal of Surgery. 2010;97(2):273-280. 10. Lagoo-Deenadayalan SA, Newell MA, Pofahl WE. Common perioperative complications in older patients. PrinciplesShow MoreRelatedDifference between Dementia, Delirium and Alzheimers1209 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION: Delirium refers to confusion or acute confusional state of mind. It can be caused by physical illness or mental illness .delirium is most common in elderly patients. Basically delirium is condition which results in confusion, also includes changes in behavior, thinking, attention and mood. 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Economic Analysis Of A Human Organ Market - 2194 Words

Economic Analysis of a Human Organ Market Human organs have been transplanted for many years. There are currently 123,940 people waiting for an organ in order to get their transplant. Of that vast number, around 18 people die each day waiting for an organ (â€Å"Why Organ, Eye, and Tissue Donation?† n.d.). There has been some issues with human organ transplants whether it is ethical or not. Another view on transplantation is to create a market for organs. With the increasing number of people in search for an organ in order to save their life, the demand for human organs is on the rise. As with any economic and ethical debate there are two viewpoints on this issue. Proponents believe that it will eliminate the black market of human organ†¦show more content†¦When it is unknown whether the person was a donor, the next of kin could make the decision to donate the deceased organs (Hansmann, n.d.). This act did not specify if the organs were subject to sales however. The c hairman of the committee involved in drafting the UAGA stated, â€Å"†¦ it is possible, of course, that abuses may occur if payment could customarily be demanded, but every payment is not necessarily unethical†¦ Until the matter of payment becomes a problem of some dimensions, the matter should be left to the decency of intelligent human beings† (Hansmann, n.d.). The sales of organs remained uncertain until in 1984 when the National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) was established. The act established federal monetary support for nonprofit organ attaining organizations and national organ and transplantation network to assist in matching recipients with donors. NOTA also made commercial markets for organ transplants a federal crime, and states also made different statues of their own outlawing sales of organs. As a result, an effort to create a human organ market would require a repeal of amendment of legislation at both the state and federal levels (Hansmann, n.d.). The ban of sale from this act was to encourage altruism to benefit others by becoming a donor instead of being forced to become a donor. As stated above, it has been a difficult process to make the provisions of transplantation clear and

A New Fertilizer Product for Vegetables Free Essays

First, a stimulant component of fertilizer is obtained. This should not be very pricey, because we need an invention that can be used by every category of people. The merchandise must be sufficient to supply good victuals to plants for their vigorous and long life. We will write a custom essay sample on A New Fertilizer Product for Vegetables or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another motive which has supported this research in demeanor is to reduce the quandary of blazing of tropical plants. Research Questions: The study for manufacturing most modern fertilizers for the augmentation of vegetables is founded on the subsequent research questions:- What is the course of action for manufacturing fertilizers?   Which nourishment is less costly? Which fertilizers can be used commercially and which ones can be used by common   Ã‚  public. Also, whether these fertilizers convene to the expected needs of clients or not. Hypothesis for the Experiment: Macrobiotic fertilizer is less expensive and will be used socially, while on the other hand, tropical plant fertilizer will be more expensive and commercially used. Subjects: To obtain low priced fertilizers, assigned to a financial group. Quality check assigned to the department of health. Macrobiotic Fertilizer: Object: To produce a stimulant that can be prepared in simple steps and can be extensively used for supporting the growth of plants. Elements used in the Manufacturing of Macrobiotic Fertilizer: For obtaining this fertilizer, we require a variety of limes, seed feast, gypsum, fillet and kelp feast. Procedure: Mix the all 4 components of seed meals with  ¼ regular limes; now add  ¼ of gypsum piece in the combination. Lastly, add  ½ of the dolomitic lime. To obtain the finest result, a small amount of bone feast should also be added. Result: By the application of macrobiotic fertilizer on crops, it is concluded that the crop growth is much healthier and faster than before.   The experiment shows that when the elements were bought in bulk, the cost was not very high, and this product is expected to be in more demand because of its lower prices (Aubrey Vaughn, April 4, 2007). How to cite A New Fertilizer Product for Vegetables, Papers

Trap-Ease America the Big Cheese of Mousetraps free essay sample

Standing in the trade show display booth for long hours and answering the same questions hundreds of times had been tiring. Yet, all the hard work had paid off. Each year, National Hardware Show officials held a contest to select the best new product introduced at that year’s show. The Trap-Ease had won the contest this year, beating out over 300 new products. Such notoriety was not new for the Trap-Ease mousetrap, however. People magazine had run a feature article on the trap, and the trap had been the subject of numerous talk shows and articles in various popular press and trade publications. Despite all of this attention, however, the expected demand for the trap had not materialized. Martha hoped that this award might stimulate increased interest and sales. BACKGROUND A group of investors had formed Trap-Ease America in January after it had obtained worldwide rights to market the innovative mousetrap. In return for marketing rights, the group agreed to pay the inventor and patent holder, a retired rancher, a royalty fee for each trap sold. The group then hired Martha to serve as president and to develop and manage the Trap-Ease America organization. Trap-Ease America contracted with a plastics-manufacturing firm to produce the traps. The trap consisted of a square, plastic tube measuring about 6 inches long and 1-1/2 inches in diameter. The tube bent in the middle at a 30-degree angle, so that when the front part of the tube rested on a flat surface, the other end was elevated. The elevated end held a removable cap into which the user placed bait (cheese, dog food, or some other aromatic tidbit). The front end of the tube had a hinged door. When the trap was â€Å"open,† this door rested on two narrow â€Å"stilts† attached to the two bottom corners of the door. See Exhibit 1. )2 The simple trap worked very efficiently. A mouse, smelling the bait, entered the tube through the open end. As it walked up the angled bottom toward the bait, its weight made the elevated end of the trap drop downward. This action elevated the open end, allowing the hinged door to swing closed, trapping the mouse. Small teeth on the ends o f the stilts caught in a groove on the bottom of the trap, locking the door closed. The user could then dispose of the mouse while it was still alive, or the user could leave it alone for a few hours to suffocate in the trap. Martha believed the trap had many advantages for the consumer when compared with traditional spring-loaded traps or poisons. Consumers could use it safely and easily with no risk of catching their fingers while loading it. It posed no injury or poisoning threat to children or pets. Furthermore, with Trap-Ease, consumers avoided the unpleasant â€Å"mess† they often encountered with the violent spring-loaded traps. The Trap-Ease created no â€Å"clean-up† problem. Finally, the user could reuse the trap or simply throw it away. Martha’s early research suggested that women were the best target market for the TrapEase. Men, it seemed, were more willing to buy and use the traditional, spring-loaded trap. The targeted women, however, did not like the traditional trap. These women often stayed at home and took care of their children. Thus, they wanted a means of dealing with the mouse problem that avoided the unpleasantness and risks that the standard trap created in the home. To reach this target market, Martha decided to distribute Trap- Ease through national grocery, hardware, and drug chains such as Safeway, Kmart, Hechingers, and CB Drug. She sold the trap directly to these large retailers, avoiding any wholesalers or other middlemen. The traps sold in packages of two, with a suggested retail price of $2. 49. Although this price made the Trap-Ease about five to ten times more expensive than smaller, standard traps, consumers appeared to offer little initial price resistance. The manufacturing cost for the Trap-Ease, including freight and packaging costs, was about 31 cents per unit. The company paid an additional 8. 2 cents per unit in royalty fees. Martha priced the traps to retailers at 99 cents per unit (two units to a package) and estimated that, after sales and volume discounts, Trap-Ease would produce net revenue from retailers of 75 cents per unit. To promote the product, Martha had budgeted approximately $60,000 for the first year. She planned to use $50,000 of this amount for travel costs to visit trade shows and to make sales calls on retailers. She planned to use the remaining $10,000 for advertising. So far, however, because the mousetrap had generated so much publicity, she had not felt that she needed to do much advertising. Still, she had placed advertising in Good Housekeeping (after all, the trap had earned the Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval) and in other â€Å"home and shelter† magazines. Martha was the company’s only salesperson, but she intended to hire more salespeople soon. Martha had initially forecasted Trap-Ease’s first-year sales at five million units. Through April, however, the company had only sold several hundred thousand units. Martha wondered if most new products got off to such a slow start, or if she was doing something wrong. She had detected some problems, although none seemed overly serious. For one, there had not3 been enough repeat buying. For another, she had noted that many of the retailers upon whom she called kept their sample mousetraps on their desks as conversation pieces—she wanted the traps to be used and demonstrated. Martha wondered if consumers were also buying the traps as novelties rather than as solutions to their mouse problems. Martha knew that the investor group believed that Trap-Ease America had a â€Å"once-in-alifetime chance† with its innovative mousetrap, and she sensed the group’s impatience with the company’s progress so far. She had budgeted approximately $250,000 in administrative and fixed costs for the first year (not including marketing costs). To keep the investors happy, the company needed to sell enough traps to cover those costs and make a reasonable profit. BACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD In these first few months, Martha had learned that marketing a new product was not an easy task. Some customers were very demanding. For example, one national retailer had placed a large order with instructions that Trap-Ease America was to deliver the order to the loading dock at one of the retailer’s warehouses between 1:00 and 3:00 p. m. on a specified day. When the truck delivering the order arrived after 3:00 p. m. , the retailer had refused to accept the shipment. The retailer had told Martha it would be a year before she got another chance. As Martha sat down at her desk, she realized she needed to rethink her marketing strategy. Perhaps she had missed something or made some mistake that was causing sales to be so slow. Glancing at the quotation again, she thought that perhaps she should send the picky retailer and other customers a copy of Emerson’s famous quote. Questions for Discussion 1. Martha and the Trap-Ease America investors believe they face a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. What information do they need to evaluate this opportunity? How do you think the group would write its mission statement? How would you write it? (1 marks) 2. Has Martha identified the best target market for Trap-Ease? What other market segments might the firm target? (1 marks) 3. How has the company positioned the Trap-Ease for the chosen target market? Could it position the product in other ways? (1 marks) 4. Describe the current marketing mix for Trap-Ease. Do you see any problems with this mix? (4 marks) 5. Who is Trap-Ease America’s competition? (1 marks) 6. How would you change Trap-Ease’s marketing strategy? What kinds of control procedures would you establish for this strategy? (2 marks)