A Short Note On Intensive Care And The Elderly Essay

References: 1. Horn J. Intensive care and the elderly. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. 1997;25(1):101-110. 2. Angus DC, Barnato AE, Linde-Zwirble WT, et al. Use of intensive care at the end of life in the United States: an epidemiologic study. Crit Care Med. 2004;32(3):638-643. 3. Bagshaw SM, Webb SA, Delaney A, et al. Very old patients admitted to intensive care in Australia and New Zealand: a multi-centre cohort analysis. Critical Care. 2009;13(2):R45. 4. Kim PK, Kauder DR, Schwab CW. Acute Care Surgery and the Elderly. Acute Care Surgery: Springer; 2007:187-193. 5. Levkoff SE, Cleary PD, Wetle T, Besdine RW. Illness behavior in the aged. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1988;36(7):622-629. 6. Watters JM, Blakslee JM, March RJ, Redmond ML. The influence of age on the severity of peritonitis. Canadian journal of surgery. 1996;39(2):142. 7. Radtke F, Franck M, Hagemann L, Seeling M, Wernecke K, Spies C. Risk factors for inadequate emergence after anesthesia: emergence delirium and hypoactive emergence. Minerva anestesiologica. 2010;76(6):394-403. 8. Young J, Inouye SK. Delirium in older people. BMJ: British Medical Journal. 2007;334(7598):842. 9. Ansaloni L, Catena F, Chattat R, et al. Risk factors and incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients after elective and emergency surgery. British Journal of Surgery. 2010;97(2):273-280. 10. Lagoo-Deenadayalan SA, Newell MA, Pofahl WE. Common perioperative complications in older patients. PrinciplesShow MoreRelatedDifference between Dementia, Delirium and Alzheimers1209 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION: Delirium refers to confusion or acute confusional state of mind. It can be caused by physical illness or mental illness .delirium is most common in elderly patients. Basically delirium is condition which results in confusion, also includes changes in behavior, thinking, attention and mood. Difference between delirium, dementia and Alzheimer’s disorder: People suffering from dementia are highly susceptible to delirium but dementia should not be confused with delirium. In dementia changesRead MoreMy Career As A Registered Nurse878 Words   |  4 Pages My short-term goals include passing my state boards upon graduation and then finding a fulfilling job as a Registered Nurse (RN) at a major local hospital. Currently, I work at Summa Akron City Hospital and it would be seamless for me if I could obtain a job there as a nurse in one of their intensive care units. After a few years of practice, I plan to get my certification in Critical Care Nursing. Beyond that, my long-term goals for the future are to attend graduate school at University of AkronRead MoreMedicaid Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagesthe provision of â€Å"quality health care to low income, disabled, and elderly individuals† (South Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, 2016). 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The BLS expectsRead MoreHow I Met With Graduate Competency During My Clinical Experiences1750 Words   |  7 Pagespreceptor handbook and then review how I met these requirements. I will start with PERSON: Provide safe, caring and holistic nursing interventions to assist the individual to maximize self-care abilities appropriate for their personal growth and development. I demonstrated graduate skills with safety towards patient care by providing sterile technic, effective hand washing, six rights administering medications, knowledge of medication, patients known allergies, patient code status, adhering to policyRead MoreHome Care1942 Words   |  8 Pagescant be cared for at home, more commonly referred to as skilled nursing and rehab centers. Nursing care is typically provided for people who need long-term care or rehabilitation after surgery or are recovering from a more severe medical condition like a stroke. These communities provide all of the personal care and services of an assisted living with the addition of 24-hour nursing care. Regent Care Center Facts Funded 35 yrs ago A modern facility with 180 beds Joint commission accredited facility Read MoreUnit 4222-335 Undertake physiological measurements1165 Words   |  5 Pagesside effects of any extreme sun exposure or viral infection. To drop dow the body temperature we could use a fan; open the window and give paracetamol. Hypothermia is the opposite is when the body temperature is cold, low temperature 35 ºc or below, elderly and babies they are more often at risk and should be treated as a medical emergency. As the temperature drops the person is likely to struggle to breathe and may lose consciousness.To rise up we could use extra blankets, warm cloths and a bair huggerRead More Poverty in Africa Essay example1470 Words   |  6 Pagesvery genuine disadvantages hampering our progress economically like: ? Overpopulation, this is so with any society that largely depends on agriculture, African families are often very large. Most of the elderly rely on their children for support, and as much agriculture in Africa is labor-intensive, large numbers of children provide much needed labor for plowing, planting and harvesting. However, overpopulation is a serious problem in urban areas, which have grown enormously since the beginnings ofRead MorePrevention and care of pressure ulcers - evidence based paper2497 Words   |  10 Pagesï ¿ ½PAGE ï ¿ ½ ï ¿ ½PAGE ï ¿ ½1ï ¿ ½ Prevention and Care of Pressure Ulcers Running head: PREVENTION AND CARE OF PRESSURE ULCERS Prevention and Care of Pressure Ulcers NUSC 434 PREVENTION AND CARE OF PRESSURE ULCERS Pressure ulcers are a commonly seen problem among elderly hospitalized patients. Despite new findings about the causes and approaches to treatment, the incidence of these wounds is still increasing. Scott, Gibran, Engrav, Mack and Rivara (2006) revealed that during the thirteen years of their studyRead MorePredictors Of Postoperative Delirium Essay2762 Words   |  12 PagesPerioperative Medicine Oregon Health Science University Mail Code HRC-5 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd. Portland, Oregon 97239 Phone: 503-494-8061 Email: malcore@ohsu.edu Stacie G. Deiner Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery, Geriatrics and Palliative Care Box 1010 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 1 Gustave L. Levy Place New York, New York 10029 Email: Stacie.deiner@mountsinai.org Abstract: Over one-third of the surgeries in the United States are performed on patients aged 65 and older, and

Economic Analysis Of A Human Organ Market - 2194 Words

Economic Analysis of a Human Organ Market Human organs have been transplanted for many years. There are currently 123,940 people waiting for an organ in order to get their transplant. Of that vast number, around 18 people die each day waiting for an organ (â€Å"Why Organ, Eye, and Tissue Donation?† n.d.). There has been some issues with human organ transplants whether it is ethical or not. Another view on transplantation is to create a market for organs. With the increasing number of people in search for an organ in order to save their life, the demand for human organs is on the rise. As with any economic and ethical debate there are two viewpoints on this issue. Proponents believe that it will eliminate the black market of human organ†¦show more content†¦When it is unknown whether the person was a donor, the next of kin could make the decision to donate the deceased organs (Hansmann, n.d.). This act did not specify if the organs were subject to sales however. The c hairman of the committee involved in drafting the UAGA stated, â€Å"†¦ it is possible, of course, that abuses may occur if payment could customarily be demanded, but every payment is not necessarily unethical†¦ Until the matter of payment becomes a problem of some dimensions, the matter should be left to the decency of intelligent human beings† (Hansmann, n.d.). The sales of organs remained uncertain until in 1984 when the National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) was established. The act established federal monetary support for nonprofit organ attaining organizations and national organ and transplantation network to assist in matching recipients with donors. NOTA also made commercial markets for organ transplants a federal crime, and states also made different statues of their own outlawing sales of organs. As a result, an effort to create a human organ market would require a repeal of amendment of legislation at both the state and federal levels (Hansmann, n.d.). The ban of sale from this act was to encourage altruism to benefit others by becoming a donor instead of being forced to become a donor. As stated above, it has been a difficult process to make the provisions of transplantation clear and

A New Fertilizer Product for Vegetables Free Essays

First, a stimulant component of fertilizer is obtained. This should not be very pricey, because we need an invention that can be used by every category of people. The merchandise must be sufficient to supply good victuals to plants for their vigorous and long life. We will write a custom essay sample on A New Fertilizer Product for Vegetables or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another motive which has supported this research in demeanor is to reduce the quandary of blazing of tropical plants. Research Questions: The study for manufacturing most modern fertilizers for the augmentation of vegetables is founded on the subsequent research questions:- What is the course of action for manufacturing fertilizers?   Which nourishment is less costly? Which fertilizers can be used commercially and which ones can be used by common   Ã‚  public. Also, whether these fertilizers convene to the expected needs of clients or not. Hypothesis for the Experiment: Macrobiotic fertilizer is less expensive and will be used socially, while on the other hand, tropical plant fertilizer will be more expensive and commercially used. Subjects: To obtain low priced fertilizers, assigned to a financial group. Quality check assigned to the department of health. Macrobiotic Fertilizer: Object: To produce a stimulant that can be prepared in simple steps and can be extensively used for supporting the growth of plants. Elements used in the Manufacturing of Macrobiotic Fertilizer: For obtaining this fertilizer, we require a variety of limes, seed feast, gypsum, fillet and kelp feast. Procedure: Mix the all 4 components of seed meals with  ¼ regular limes; now add  ¼ of gypsum piece in the combination. Lastly, add  ½ of the dolomitic lime. To obtain the finest result, a small amount of bone feast should also be added. Result: By the application of macrobiotic fertilizer on crops, it is concluded that the crop growth is much healthier and faster than before.   The experiment shows that when the elements were bought in bulk, the cost was not very high, and this product is expected to be in more demand because of its lower prices (Aubrey Vaughn, April 4, 2007). How to cite A New Fertilizer Product for Vegetables, Papers

Trap-Ease America the Big Cheese of Mousetraps free essay sample

Standing in the trade show display booth for long hours and answering the same questions hundreds of times had been tiring. Yet, all the hard work had paid off. Each year, National Hardware Show officials held a contest to select the best new product introduced at that year’s show. The Trap-Ease had won the contest this year, beating out over 300 new products. Such notoriety was not new for the Trap-Ease mousetrap, however. People magazine had run a feature article on the trap, and the trap had been the subject of numerous talk shows and articles in various popular press and trade publications. Despite all of this attention, however, the expected demand for the trap had not materialized. Martha hoped that this award might stimulate increased interest and sales. BACKGROUND A group of investors had formed Trap-Ease America in January after it had obtained worldwide rights to market the innovative mousetrap. In return for marketing rights, the group agreed to pay the inventor and patent holder, a retired rancher, a royalty fee for each trap sold. The group then hired Martha to serve as president and to develop and manage the Trap-Ease America organization. Trap-Ease America contracted with a plastics-manufacturing firm to produce the traps. The trap consisted of a square, plastic tube measuring about 6 inches long and 1-1/2 inches in diameter. The tube bent in the middle at a 30-degree angle, so that when the front part of the tube rested on a flat surface, the other end was elevated. The elevated end held a removable cap into which the user placed bait (cheese, dog food, or some other aromatic tidbit). The front end of the tube had a hinged door. When the trap was â€Å"open,† this door rested on two narrow â€Å"stilts† attached to the two bottom corners of the door. See Exhibit 1. )2 The simple trap worked very efficiently. A mouse, smelling the bait, entered the tube through the open end. As it walked up the angled bottom toward the bait, its weight made the elevated end of the trap drop downward. This action elevated the open end, allowing the hinged door to swing closed, trapping the mouse. Small teeth on the ends o f the stilts caught in a groove on the bottom of the trap, locking the door closed. The user could then dispose of the mouse while it was still alive, or the user could leave it alone for a few hours to suffocate in the trap. Martha believed the trap had many advantages for the consumer when compared with traditional spring-loaded traps or poisons. Consumers could use it safely and easily with no risk of catching their fingers while loading it. It posed no injury or poisoning threat to children or pets. Furthermore, with Trap-Ease, consumers avoided the unpleasant â€Å"mess† they often encountered with the violent spring-loaded traps. The Trap-Ease created no â€Å"clean-up† problem. Finally, the user could reuse the trap or simply throw it away. Martha’s early research suggested that women were the best target market for the TrapEase. Men, it seemed, were more willing to buy and use the traditional, spring-loaded trap. The targeted women, however, did not like the traditional trap. These women often stayed at home and took care of their children. Thus, they wanted a means of dealing with the mouse problem that avoided the unpleasantness and risks that the standard trap created in the home. To reach this target market, Martha decided to distribute Trap- Ease through national grocery, hardware, and drug chains such as Safeway, Kmart, Hechingers, and CB Drug. She sold the trap directly to these large retailers, avoiding any wholesalers or other middlemen. The traps sold in packages of two, with a suggested retail price of $2. 49. Although this price made the Trap-Ease about five to ten times more expensive than smaller, standard traps, consumers appeared to offer little initial price resistance. The manufacturing cost for the Trap-Ease, including freight and packaging costs, was about 31 cents per unit. The company paid an additional 8. 2 cents per unit in royalty fees. Martha priced the traps to retailers at 99 cents per unit (two units to a package) and estimated that, after sales and volume discounts, Trap-Ease would produce net revenue from retailers of 75 cents per unit. To promote the product, Martha had budgeted approximately $60,000 for the first year. She planned to use $50,000 of this amount for travel costs to visit trade shows and to make sales calls on retailers. She planned to use the remaining $10,000 for advertising. So far, however, because the mousetrap had generated so much publicity, she had not felt that she needed to do much advertising. Still, she had placed advertising in Good Housekeeping (after all, the trap had earned the Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval) and in other â€Å"home and shelter† magazines. Martha was the company’s only salesperson, but she intended to hire more salespeople soon. Martha had initially forecasted Trap-Ease’s first-year sales at five million units. Through April, however, the company had only sold several hundred thousand units. Martha wondered if most new products got off to such a slow start, or if she was doing something wrong. She had detected some problems, although none seemed overly serious. For one, there had not3 been enough repeat buying. For another, she had noted that many of the retailers upon whom she called kept their sample mousetraps on their desks as conversation pieces—she wanted the traps to be used and demonstrated. Martha wondered if consumers were also buying the traps as novelties rather than as solutions to their mouse problems. Martha knew that the investor group believed that Trap-Ease America had a â€Å"once-in-alifetime chance† with its innovative mousetrap, and she sensed the group’s impatience with the company’s progress so far. She had budgeted approximately $250,000 in administrative and fixed costs for the first year (not including marketing costs). To keep the investors happy, the company needed to sell enough traps to cover those costs and make a reasonable profit. BACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD In these first few months, Martha had learned that marketing a new product was not an easy task. Some customers were very demanding. For example, one national retailer had placed a large order with instructions that Trap-Ease America was to deliver the order to the loading dock at one of the retailer’s warehouses between 1:00 and 3:00 p. m. on a specified day. When the truck delivering the order arrived after 3:00 p. m. , the retailer had refused to accept the shipment. The retailer had told Martha it would be a year before she got another chance. As Martha sat down at her desk, she realized she needed to rethink her marketing strategy. Perhaps she had missed something or made some mistake that was causing sales to be so slow. Glancing at the quotation again, she thought that perhaps she should send the picky retailer and other customers a copy of Emerson’s famous quote. Questions for Discussion 1. Martha and the Trap-Ease America investors believe they face a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. What information do they need to evaluate this opportunity? How do you think the group would write its mission statement? How would you write it? (1 marks) 2. Has Martha identified the best target market for Trap-Ease? What other market segments might the firm target? (1 marks) 3. How has the company positioned the Trap-Ease for the chosen target market? Could it position the product in other ways? (1 marks) 4. Describe the current marketing mix for Trap-Ease. Do you see any problems with this mix? (4 marks) 5. Who is Trap-Ease America’s competition? (1 marks) 6. How would you change Trap-Ease’s marketing strategy? What kinds of control procedures would you establish for this strategy? (2 marks)

Internship an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Internship I. The Useful of Internship The internship is an opportunity of a student to integrate career related experience into an undergraduate education by participating in planned, supervised work. This contributes to students personal and professional development through challenging work assignments. An internship is distinguished from a part-time or a temporary job by its learning agenda. The intern and prospective employer sit down and outline the opportunities the student will experience, thus meeting both of their needs. Need essay sample on "Internship" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The internship is useful to students because it is an actual opportunity to work in career or professional environment and have the chance to evaluate, reflect upon and try a career field. The personal and social growth as the students reinforces skills and interest in the work environment. It helps students develop job search skills and income to meet the financial needs of post-secondary education and living expenses. Finally, it is a means for employers to obtain current technology and skills that students bring them to the jobsite. I believed that I can help this company with my knowledge in marketing strategy I had in my schools on how respond the client that still inside the core values of marketing. The learning philosophy I have helps in making solution and action for the company. II. Advantage of Internship at Voxiva 1. Knowledge My knowledge in communication and writing skills will help me in supporting the people working; especially with the new and high technology that penetrates the remote area where internet is impossible to reach. This will applied my knowledge on using the hybrid telephone but able to analyzed the information with graphical and audio interfaces and able to analyze how my marketing strategy would be more enhance and applied later on to whatever company I am going to work for. Like for example in trouble shooting and solving problem that field doctor in the Ucayali jungles of Peru who was caring for a pregnant woman with complications. Estimating that she had less than 20% chance of survival, he sent her to a hospital in the nearest city and reported the case on the Voxiva system. An SMS was sent to the mobile phones of an obstetrician and a specialist that were taking part in a national strike of public health workers. After receiving the alert, they returned to the hospital and were able to save her life (Voxiva, 2006). My excellent communication in this area will be tested especially in handling pressure as what the doctor do to his patient. Another advantage I can give in the company is my competitive ability it will help the Company Voxiva in working with other company stated by Pablo Bermudez the Director of Electronic Government of Latin America and the Caribbean; because it is a leading global provider of practical information solutions to strengthen health care systems, enhance safety and improve government service delivery, thus, my communication marketing strategy would be helpful. I believed that the clients work in diverse environments, often beyond the reach of the Internet, the systems do too. Voxiva solutions and my expertise leverage the world's 2 billion mobile phones as well as fixed-line phones, PCs, PDAs and other technologies to cast a much broader reach than Internet-only solutions. Aside from that it is a US-based company, Voxiva was founded in 2001 and is currently working in Peru, Argentina, India and Rwanda. (Voxiva, 2006). My ability to work with the different personalities and background will greatly helps Voxiva. These countries believe to less develop compared to U.S.A. and because of my ability to persuade and influence they will continue to see Voxiva as an effective in those areas how much more in the more develop countries. This helps my knowledge broaden on diverse environment in dealing people that leverage solutions not only in one country but more countries. This also can help me effectively in helping the needy and diverse people al l over the world later on. Being Advantage in having the knowledge in marketing working in Voxiva it will increase my strategy of giving solutions to immediate problems and the competitive analysis that I have would be more noticeable everyday for I can witness how the company gives solutions that allow the users in the field to be able to submit real-time data reports to the system via web, phone, text messaging or PDA. The data they submit can easily analyze and its easy for the supervisors to communicate and give fast actions. Working with them is best because I can apply the technique in launching new product the strategy I have in providing the maintenance in the communication infrastructure, the hardware and software with 24/7 is available. This will give saving to the clients. The service I can extend are unique that made them easily recognize in the market and attract more clients. In fact they have now health agencies in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the United States. (Voxiva, 2006). Because I am output oriented the Voxiva will be known to other top companies with the Ministries of Health and Agriculture, Department of Health and Local Government. The trust they give to the company is also the trust I will received and proud bringing their name when am going to apply later on other company that I was once working before and I learned a lot their marketing strategy and share also my knowledge which I can used on the new environment I will be working. The strategic planning I have would be implemented in the company will ensure my future in working with other agencies and countries that trusted Voxiva. My ability in market research would be more improve with my exposure working on this company. The continue research to give solutions are because of the different heads that are energetic Boards of Directors of Voxiva who are reliable and competent to make the dreams of helping the World combat the epidemic crises that get the biggest budget in the Governments funds. 2. The Company and Corporate Environment Being with these Boards is my gratitude working and listening to their ideas. The people behind the Voxiva are top calibers that are known globally of their expertises consulted with the top management of many of the worlds foremost companies. Just reading by their different background, I can say that they are very blessed just like the Voxiva Company they are Unique that cannot be question. Imagine working with these descents and superior brain people, I could say I am too brilliant just like them because as I listen to them everyday the way they work and decide would influence my way of action to the immediate solution and the sales support they give would make me difference in my chosen field. The American people work hard to meet their target even in pressured time that needs immediate actions and plan. This will challenge my ability to response and be able to recognize that I have the ability and strategy to share to them. We will have a good working environment in sharing the different marketing strategies that promotes positive response from the company and clients. While learning to bring information to the field the company will acknowledge my capability and get attention, it is most important that the message be worthwhile and interesting to the clients and company. So, visibility must always have credibility. 3. Behavior My behavior towards working the different conditions and giving solutions immediately would be develop especially in the remote areas that needs strict monitor because of the disease outbreaks that arise especially the HIV/AIDS. According to Amber Maitland, that the project, which is jointly developed by GSMA and Voxiva, a technology firm, will help to track outbreaks of HIV/AIDS and flu because it lets doctors send information to a central location where outbreaks can be mapped and tracked. In addition, GSMAs director of strategic initiatives, Ben Soppitt, told the BBC, This will allow health officials to see real-time accurate data on the status of the healthcare system in their country so they can make informed decisions about where those resources are applied. The company's CEO, Rob Conway, also noted, The efforts of the international health community to control pandemics, by getting life-saving drugs to those in need, depend heavily on a comprehensive and accurate picture of wha t is happening on the ground. The ability of getting customer surveys would be advantage to me that the Voxiva can offer. In that way I can get my target markets through sound strategic thinking, planning and creative execution, this can help build brand and increase market share. My behavior would develop in a multidimensional, emphasizing the total customer experience, and not just one aspect. It should convince the prospects that they are the clear-cut choice to fulfill the expectations. My behavior being a professional will be enhance in serving the clients for Voxiva said that organization reach and gain insights on its operations by maximizing the impact of the solutions requires that each implementation configured to be best support the people, processes and technologies employed. Each solution brings with it a standard implementation package that your project manager works with you to configure to your particular situation. The Project Manager will work with your team in all aspects of the solution planning, requirements gathering, configuration and deployment. Along the way, we will train your systems administrators, who, over time, will be able to maintain and enhance the solution themselves. Consultation behavior on my part would be seen as influence working this intelligent people. Because it makes me recognizes that each organization has different situations, needs and requirements to satisfy. Although I have gone to great extents to ensure that the bundled services which accompany each solution are sufficient to implement the system successfully, In addition it helps me recognize that additional efforts, activities and inputs may be required or desired in order to make an implementation successful. Conclusion Finally, I can say that being intern in the unique company Voxiva has given me so much advantage in adding my knowledge to be alert and accurate in giving solutions that is based on the core values imparted. The team who are seasoned and professional greatly helps develop my potential being a leader in the future in optimizing my knowledge different marketing strategies to act accordingly with the immediate actions in critical situations, in getting the surveys to the target market. The behavior I have would meet needs in the field of marketing the products and the management also showed good relations that will enhance my being to act like them in the implementation and consultation with the different agency and government. I can say that choosing Voxiva in the internship of my career is a win decision and makes me a great planner and decision maker. I enjoy sharing my experiences in global business with others in different communities. This is both a way to give back to my community in sharing the knowledge impart to them, and gain public exposure for my internship. This is the type of win-win scenario I like to create. There is never a reason why we cannot give back while we are working toward a larger goal. References Bermudez, Pablo. ( n/d). The Company. January 5, 2007 Maitland, Amber. (N/d). Mobile Phone Technology used to Track Disease Outbreaks. January 5, 2007, from http://www.pocket-lint.co.uk/news/news.phtml/5181/6205/disease-mobile-phone-software-test.phtml The Power of the Internet, the Reach of the Phone (2006). Voxiva. January 5, 2007

buy custom Antigone essay

buy custom Antigone essay The common definition of politics is a peaceful settling of beauty. This definition can in no way be applied in the play Sophocles by Antigone. Politics is best correlated with the community. The relationship between Creon and Antigone is not peaceful but turbulent. The two characters are seen to be stubborn thus taking away any peace in the plot development of the play. Such a form of politics is commonly referred to as political drama involving peaceful conduct requiring some kind of agreement on the political rules. In the play, the way Creon regarded the city laws made him to abandon his other beliefs. He believed that everyone should abide by the laws he sets no matter the other religious and moral beliefs. Antigone regarded the gods beliefs in high reverence. She believed that the gods laws had to be obeyed and should come before any other especially with regards to family. The position taken by these two characters makes the play stand out as a political drama (Antigone 78). Sophocles by Antigone is a Greek drama modernized with the use of sidebar notes, difficult vocabulary and terms and modern characters. These inclusions were intended to make the audience enjoy the wisdom, beauty and intent of the play. The curse on Oedipus haunts and lingers the young generation in this brilliant and new Sophocles classic drama translation. The daughter of Jocasta and Oedipus, Antigone is introduced in the play as heroine who is unconventional and pits the beliefs she has against the Thebes King. This manifest itself in a bloody test involving wills which end up leaving only a few unharmed. The play gets emotional as Antigone challenges the king stating her rights to have her brother buried. Though doomed, she shows her determination and in her inner strength as the play unfolds. Through Antigone, political morality and law that is relevant today is brought out despite the play being staged thousands of years ago. The plot of the play revolves around Antigone narration of the main character, Thebess former King, who unknowingly married the mother and killed his father after which he renounced the kingdom after discovering what he had done. The other striking issue in the play is Antigen fight against her uncle, Creon who was the new Thebes king, to bury her brother. The play pits the unwritten laws of the gods against the humankind laws which tie the family against civic duty as well as man against woman. Sophocles is among the many Ancient Greek playwrights that were used to comment on political and social concerns. Sophocles was written with the intention on commenting on the political and social concerns to the Pericles and Athenian general on the authoritarian rule dangers (Antigone 65). The Day of Affirmation is a philosophical essay which has proved to be relevant in the analysis of Antigone. The philosophical essay focuses on political issue, individual liberty, power of governance, the role of womn and the youth in the society and the beliefs of people before the law and God. These are some of the issues that the play addresses thus the two correlate. The Day of Affirmation addresses the right to communicate and express ideas aimed at recalling government obligations and duties while addressing the right of affirmation of the peoples allegiance and membership to the political and social body governed by people who share the heritage, land and the future of the children. According to the affirmation, the decisions made by any governance should be aimed at improving the lives of its subjects. Thus the essential of the people humanity can only be preserved and protected not just to the wealthy, poor, religious or people from a particular race but to all the people. The Day of Affirmation goes forward to state that the power of governance should be limited to the common peoples act so to ensure they are no interference in the peoples right to security at their homes and the right to worship with no imposition of penalties and pain and no restrictions on the peoples opportunities (Antigone 102). This is closely associated with Creon and Antigone positions in the play. Creon carries with him strong opinion on the city laws and the laws he passed. His ways of implementing them are very strict to ensure that they are followed. He orders Polyneices not to be buried as he dishonored Thebes. He went ahead to order that anyone found burying him will face a death sentence as this was considered as disobeying the orders he had put in place. In this context, contrary to the Day of Affirmation that favored the common man rights, Creon orders count more than the common man wish. This decision proved to be problematic to Antigone as the subject in question was her brother and more so she had her family values to be so valued that she could not leave the corpse to rot. Antigone on the other hand is passionate and principled in everything that she does. She represents the voice of the common man in the play. No matter how her sister tried to convince her to change her mind about the burial of her brother, she stuck to her words despite the dangers she was putting herself in with regards to going against Creon and the entire state. Just as it is stated in the Day of Affirmation, the common man was expected to obey the laws put in place by those who govern them. Ismene states that it was a must for them to obey those who are in authority. Antigone continues to fight for what she believed were her rights until when she met her fate and died honorably as a proud woman (Antigone 122). The philosophical essay calls for everyone to recognize human equality before the law, before God and the government council. This should be done as it is the right thing to be done and not because it has economic advantages, or Gods laws command that, or thats what is expected by everyone. It should be the dream of all systems of governance to increase the freedom oof its subjects, ensure justice to all and put in place that will ensure that it remains flexible and strong so as to meet the peoples demands. Antigone in the play can be interpreted as being a wise and noble young woman who stood and fought for her rights for justice in relation to traditional beliefs. Creon on the other hand fights for what he believes is based on might. The two bring out the a subtle variation with Antigone standing out as being the best representation of ethical imagination opposite to the sister, Ismene, who does everything so long as the law of the community states so. The laws in the system of governance witnessed in the play are a convention of a given time and place representing an imperfect image of unwritten laws that come above the normal rational level leading to incapable and infinite final formulation. The position taken by the Antigone and Creon contradicting the laws of Thebes makes the play a perfect example of political drama. From the play, it can be possibly maintained that Creon was always in the wrong while Antigone in the right. The entire play is centered on a beautiful cause and martyr while Creon is only out to do anything to ensure that his apotheosis and triumph come to pass. Creon is punished for punishing Antigone but by stating that Antigone was right and Creon was wrong means that the law which Antigone vindicated was supposed to supersede the ones which Creon had vindicated. Antigone stands out as being a pathetic as well as a noble creation who makes no effort to conciliate Creon. However, she maintains a defiant attitude through out the play glorying her actions and the penalty that followed. It is hard to picture out how Creon without considering his authority and position could have in a different way from what he did in the play. Antigone though proved to be brave, she courts death. The Gods were against Creons actions towards Polyneices and this can be viewed as being a justification o f Antigone actions. For the two, it was not a matter of their action but the temper in which they acted that resulted to their ruin. Thus Creon and Antigone were both right in their actions and roles in the play (Antigone 98). Nothing illustrates better the complexity involved and underlies the simplicity of Sophocles than Antigone ethics. The central role assumed by Antigone is the law relations that have sanctions in the law and political authority with regards to the obligation on members of the states and citizens. The laws in Thebes present themselves in a crucial form that is in direct collision. The same laws justified Antigone position to insist on burying her brother as well as Creon edict which meant that Polyneices was deprived his funeral rights. Polyneices was a heinous criminal while Creon the head of state thus was expected to typically impose punishment on him. Antigone also had the right to burry her own brother thus the political drama and dilemma in the play of who was right and who was wrong. Buy custom Antigone essay

Age Discrimination Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Age Discrimination - Research Paper Example As our nation is multicultural in its democratic set up, the policy has both legal and ethical significance in HRM. From a social perspective, in order to maintain the socio-economic stability, we should allow people to work as long as they wish. It has been assumed that diverse workforce (ethnicity, culture, language, sex, and age) would avail potential individuals with a variety of talents who will also have experience and knowledge about wide rage of customers (Weightman, 2004, p.25). For example, we have hundreds of employees who are above the age of 65 still working zealously. Moreover, it helps us save time and money to test and train new recruits. In fact, the older workers are the proven asset which can help employers in the long run. Moreover, retaining older staff would be a reasonable solution to the growing labor shortage. Obviously there are certain situations when age discrimination policy would lead to organizational crisis. However, the issue depends on the effectiveness of the HR strategy. For instance, the company should have well defined vision on individual goals and role assignment. There are certain exceptional tasks in which youngsters can outsmart elders. Therefore, elders should not be assigned to services that require high physical and mental skills. In the UK, According to the Default Retirement Age Act of 2006, employers can force workers to retire exactly at their age of 65 without paying any redundancy (BBC News). Although 65 had been considered as the common age for retirement in the United States, mandatory retirement was completely abolished since 1986 (Kerley, 2001, p.208). As mentioned earlier, we therefore, neither discriminate nor force workers to retire at their old age; instead, workers are given the privilege to choose their retirement. It would be a fallacy if we assume that young labors would perform better than the older workers. On the other hand, new candidates may not be always

Intertexing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intertexing - Assignment Example Intertexing I have to work out right behaviors with whatever skills are left to me. Sadness and rage may at time strike in and at that point we are susceptible to depression but one doesn’t have to yield to these emotions to take control. One should take full charge and seek means to stay in peace rather going through moments of depression. It is one’s responsibility to engage in behaviors that do not encourage unhappiness. One should not be open to these emotions which makes him/her miserable. Happiness starts from within. Linda Christensen –Unlearning Myths. Mairs I was nourished on the milk of American culture: I cleaned the dwarfs’ house and waited for prince charming to bring me life; I swooned in Rhett Butler’s arms – my waist as narrow and my bosom every bit as heaving as scarlet’s; I thrilled to the adventures of Swiss Family Robinson, whose tormentors were as worthy hoard of Asian and Africans. Being under the hands of superiors, one is s ubject to them and is always at their service while hoping someone can help them out of the situation. However, desires can’t be achieved unless one takes a step out of the situation that is causing problems. Hayman R.L. - Smart People. Biklen I am not sure when I found out that some kids had high IQs. When I did find out, I’m not sure I much cared. When we were kids, learned our own ideas about â€Å"smart†, and they had very little to do with IQs. ... The girls, meanwhile, probably had their own hierarchy, but in the third grade, that was a mystery we boys had no interest in solving. The children may have high IQs as well as being smart in what they do but they need guidance from parents and teachers to improve their performance and that’s why they should be involved in IQ tests and other exams to determine the abilities. Children’s cognitive abilities unless well directed may lead to bad characters like insulting their peers and family members and also may get involved in petty crimes. Biklen Hayman R.L. Obviously, parents do not impose intelligence tests or other exams to establish the eligibility of children to participate in family life; it would be bizarre if they did. Rather, the Galatis and many other families promote their children, looking for ways for them to participate in mainstream activities. The question for schools, as for families, is this; should they fashion themselves as gatekeepers, engaged in a careful if somewhat arbitrary sorting process, â€Å"putting children in their place?† or is it the role of schools could use the crucible of everyday events as the proper context for assessing how to include and educate students; this would be an alternative to the common practice of assessing-to-place. The latter tends to the catalogue students’ deficits or disabilities. The former focuses only on issues of teaching and learning. Parents and teachers do not necessarily determine their children’s intelligence since children have their own way of learning as they interact with their peers. Kids need to nurture their own interests rather than depending purely on the interests of parents and teachers.

International Business & Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Business & Strategy - Essay Example Robert Walters as per the comparative analysis in the appendix India is the best target market alternative due to the prevailing macroeconomic environment in the nation. For a company that focuses on the recruitment of human resources for organizations, India is an important frontier due to the political, economic, social, technological, technological, legal and competitive factors that an investor is likely to derive from the nation. The external environment also affects Robert Walters and there is need to analyse the organization’s relationship with the environment as well as its business strategy. This can be analysed through the PESTLE analysis, which looks at the political, economic, social, technology, legal and environmental factors and how they affect the enterprise (Dransfield 2001, p.20). As a company that operates in an international market where there are several competitors, it is important to understand the macroeconomic environment that one intends to operate in and this determines the policies that the company decides to adopt in order to remain successful and profitable in a foreign market. Therefore, any company that intends to operate and maintain a competitive advantage over the others must consider the macroeconomic factors that prevail in that particular market. The political factors include the stability of the government, the taxation policies, foreign trade regulation as well as the social welfare policies, which greatly affects the operations of the business enterprise (Partridge 1999, p.76). Under the political factors, India is often referred to as the largest democracy in the world only followed by the United States and this has a profound effect on the success of any business that may be started or carried out in the nation. The political situation in India underscores the fact that all businesses within a nation must always operate within the confines of the political

How Globalization Affects Culture Media Essay

How Globalization Affects Culture Media Essay Culture is imperceptible influence for the world and it can spread by any way. After the World Wars, the globalization make the developed country and developing country a platform that can share their culture with other country. Couple with globalization, local culture like language, diet, movie, festival and health, it cannot only spread around the world which let culture become heterogeneous and complicated, but also the different cultures fuse with each other, it makes some cultures lose their newness and distinctiveness. Body Globalization affects the language à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Globalization strengthens the communication between the world people, it leads to the language dissemination that not limited to use own language. For China, after the war broken down the increasingly isolationist of foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty. Chinese was compelled to learn the different language from intruder. For example, Shanghai Star (2002) mention that, The first school teaching foreign languages in Shanghai was Guang Fangyan guan, established in 1863. And in 1872, 30 people from Shanghai to the United States began to study abroad. In a short time, they overcame the language barrier and even became some of the best students in their schools. Its a important step to achieve globalization at the history of China. At the moment, neighboring countries of China has influence by Chinese. Japanese language and Chinese language have deep relationship. Kibi no makibi, an overseas student study at Tang Dynasty, utilization of the Chinese charac ters component created Japanese katakana phonetic text. Later, Kukai (dharma), one of overseas students, using Chinese characters Xingshu body creating Japanese kana script hiragana. So, as everyone saw, Japanese include many Chinese character component. Globalization make the language heterogeneous and complicated, however, some smaller language was disappear cause globalization. According to Colls (n.d), In 1992 a prominent US linguist stunned the academic world by predicting that by the year 2100, 90% of the worlds languages would have ceased to exist. With the developed of globalization, people can communicate with the different people around the world. That makes the large language developed, like English, Chinese, French and so on. In some countries, the second language even more used than first language. Alaska Native Language Center (n.d) found, Alaska is home to at least 20 Native languages belonging to four distinct language families. Futhermore, Ostler (2000) mentions, Out of twenty native Alaskan languages, only two are still being learned by children. Of these twenty languages, one disappeared because in 2008, the last person that spoke this language died. These languages, Eskimo-Aleut and Athabascan-Eyak-Tlingit, are big parts of Alaskan culture. In the American language environment, people use English to talk with other people. It led to the disappearance of 20 native languages quickly at Alaska. Ostler (2000) adds that, Many linguists predict that at least half of the worlds 6,000 or so languages will be dead or dying by the year 2050. Languages are becoming extinct at twice the rate of endangered mammals and four times the rate of endangered birds. If this trend continues, the world of the future cou ld be dominated by a dozen or fewer languages. conclution Globalization affects the diet As everyone knows, different foods origin are differents, they were spread to all over the world because globalization. Japanese is a sea island, and its make the seafood, such like fish, shrimp, shellfish that contains nutritions is good for peoples health, is necessary material for their diet. And they keep the nutritional value of seafood by eaten hot or cold , raw or cooked seafood. The unique food is Sushi at Japan. According to Alex Renton (2006), Sushis migration and the process of its globalisation started in the large expat Japanese communities all round the Pacific rim in western and southern America, Australia and Brazil. Now, the Japanese sushi restaurant located around the world. And sometimes, people always saw some simple sushi shop on the street side that more people queue up to buy it. So that the world people can eat delicious and nutritive seafood by globalization. But, ten years ago, sushi is costly for the world people without Japanese. And there just were two o r three Japanese restaurants located. As everyone knows, currys origin is India. But now, curries of Thailand, curries of Japan and curries of China is also famous at the world. In especially, Thailand curry is popular that as Thailands unique food in the world. The Thailand local climate is tropical and characterized by monsoons, it makes the Thai food live on sour, sweet, salty, and bitter. In Thailand food, the most famous is the Thai curry. Its different with India curry. In Indian cooking, ghee a milky clarified butter is a key constituent of their spicy curries. An overview and brief history of Thai food (n.d) adds that, While the Thai people didnt have as much access to or knowledge of dairy products, they successfully substituted coconut milk for this creamy ingredient in their own dishes. So, it become popular around the world. And by globalization make more and more Thai restaurant was set up at many countries. French diet represents polite, rigorous and romantic diet around the world. As everyone knows, French dining atmosphere that have dim lights, candles, soft music, a set table and a nice bottle of wine is the most suitable for lovers. Its not only guide the romantic trend around the world, but also guide a lifestyle. Life elegant, enjoy every minute. To enjoy life of French, becoming the mainstream of the world. And on the other hand, the globalization makes the diet culture spread around the world, but the unhealthy diet also was spread with globalization. In especially, French diet be changed by globalization. According to the Michael, Stefan and Dana (2003) that, The taste for American fast-food products like McDonalds hamburgers and Coca-Cola has long been fashionable. Urbanization is leading to more sedentary lifestyles in French. And more and more, even traditional foods are being prepared from processed flour and other ingredients that yield more calories and less healthy roughage. conclude Globalization affects the festival Each country have own traditional festival. For example, Chinese New Year is the most important festival for Chinese people all over the world. The Spring Festival shows traditional culture festival. The Spring Festival is review and incentives on the peace, friendship and kinship, and is blessings and prayers for future life. And Christmas is the most important religion festival for the western people. And people exchange gifts, send Christmas cards, which are to make Christmas as a celebration time for people. Globalization make these featival spread around the world. World people can enjoy different featival culture. But, with the development of globalization, foreign culture has received more attention than the local culture. In recent years, more and more Chinese young people that make Christmas has become popular increasingly, they was pay close attention more for Christmas than Chinese own festival. It makes Dragon Boat Festival and other Chinese traditional festivals are classified as other countrys heritage. When Christmas coming, Chinese streets will be full of Christmas atmosphere. Roadside trees was decorative by colorful lighting; many businesses will sell Christmas items during Christmas day, like Christmas tree, santa hat. Most of young people will take party or singing song to celebration. On the contrary, young people will stay at home or play with friends like normal day at Spring Festival. quote The young people has not strong sence for the traditional featival, and they are more likely to be novel featival to attract. The traditional festival has traditional rules that making young peopel feel bound. The Weatern Festival was spread to make them take more attention to festival that can release them emotions, such as Valentines day, Mothers Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas day. Anxiously, along with the globalization development, some traditional festivals will be forgotten, and replaced by foreign festival. Globalization affects the movie Talking about movie, American film or Hollywood film is representative of the movie. Sometimes, Hollywood film leads to the world film. Action movie that have one or more heroes is thrust into a series of challenges that require physical feats, extended fights and frenetic chases is the most famous film types in the Hollywood. It attract to many people cause real behavior, great scene. In Inna Ignatovich (n.d.) opinion, Because of the economic domination of the U.S.A. in the world and serious political and economical problems in my country, the movie theaters in our cities are filled with Hollywood action movies. The low financing available to our movie directors doesnt give them the possibility of creating high quality art, so the movie theaters are swamped with low cost American films-violent action films. This type of dominance creates a negative effect on the young generation and can increase crime. In this situation, we see not just the spread of culture to another country, but also the spread of the problems of that culture. Action movie set up the peoples heroes, at the same time it also praised the violence. Globalization affects the health Topic Kelley (2004) adds that for high-income countries, the debate surrounding globalisation and health tends to focus on the perceived threat, from low- and middle-income countries, of acquiring certain acute and epidemic infections, such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, plague and, more recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). 6 Richer countries also fear the potential financial burden of unhealthy populations migrating from the developing world. Globalization is making the world people can go to the different countries to developed. Most people would like to stay at city or country that have more opportunity to work or have a higher salary. This phenomenon increase the country or city economy. At the same time, its also brings certain pressure for the environment of this area, and makes the environment has harm on peoples health. And then, Kelley (2004) mentions that, Cognitive changes brought about by advertising and marketing Western consumer goods have facilitated the global spread of so-called lifestyle diseases (eg, obesity) in certain populations within low- and middle-income countries. In especially, Frances growing fat problem cause fast food style. Fast food is features of American diet. Globalization make more and more fast-food brand spread around the world, such as McDonalds hamburgers and Coca-Cola. Fast food guide to fast lifestyle replace the French original strict diet culture. Sedentary lifestyles has been fashionable at urban. And then, people take many unhealthy food and do less sports than before, the fat problems has become more and more serious than before. According to the Michael, Stefan and Dana (2003) Traditional foods are being prepared from processed flour and other ingredients that yield more calories and less healthy roughage. conclude Conclusion Developing with globalization, different culture can spread around the world. Culture combine with local culture become a new culture, but it makes some small culture like language was disappeared. Following this further, how to reduce to loss of culture is big problem for the worlds people.

Fear And Loathing In Las Vegas Essay -- Film Movie Movies Films Las Ve

Fear And Loathing In Las Vegas The story begins abruptly, as we find our mock heroes out in the desert en route to the savvy resort of Las Vegas. The author uses a tense hitchhiker as a mode, or an excuse, for a flashback that exposes the plot. An uncertain character picked up in the middle of the desert who Raoul Duke, the main character, feels the need to explain things to, to help him rest easy. They had two bags of grass, seventy-five pellets of mescaline, five sheets of high-powered blotter acid, a salt shaker half-full of cocaine, and a whole galaxy of multicolored uppers, downers, screamers, laughers....Also a quart of tequila, a quart of rum, a case of Budweiser, a pint of raw either, and two dozen amyls. They were on assignment from a fashionable sporting magazine in New York, to cover the 4th Annual "Mint 400" dirt bike and dune buggy race. A savage journey to the heart of the American dream.Before one can review the motion picture "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas", he must first research the full length novel of the same name. The book first appeared in 1971 in issues 95 and 96 of Rolling Stone magazine, published November 11th and 25th respectively. Although the two part series stated its author was someone called Raoul Duke, the story was copyrighted in 1971 by Hunter S. Thompson. Raoul Duke is actually the false name under which Hunter Thompson portrays himself as main character and narrator.The film was produced in the early goings of summer in 199...

Introduction of American Essay

This paper is dedicated to the history of American Revolution and the War for Independence. The primary purpose of the survey given here is to carry out an analysis of the events of the late 18th century in the British colonies in North America on the basis of vast historical material published in the United States. The process that took place before and during the 1776-1783 period when 13 British colonies’ aspiration for independence broke out into the so-called War for Independence is very remarkable for it’s many unique features, on the one hand, and for many historical parallels that took place a century later when the world-wide spreaded colonial system began to collapse. John Adams, second President of the United States, declared that the history of the American Revolution began as far back as 1620. â€Å"The Revolution,† he said, â€Å"was effected before the war commenced. The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people. † The principles and passions that led the Americans to rebel ought, he added, â€Å"to be traced back for two hundred years and sought in the history of the country from the first plantation in America. † As a practical matter, however, the overt parting of the ways between England and America began in 1763, more than a century and a half after the first permanent settlement had been founded at Jamestown, Virginia. The colonies had grown vastly in economic strength and cultural attainment, and virtually all had long years of self-government behind them. Their combined population now exceeded 1,500,000-a six-fold increase since 1700. The implications of the physical growth of the colonies were far greater than mere numerical increase would indicate. The 18th century brought a steady expansion from the influx of immigrants from Europe, and since the best land near the seacoast had already been occupied, new settlers had to push inland beyond the fall line of the rivers. Traders explored the back country, brought back tales of rich valleys, and induced farmers to take their families into the wilderness. Although their hardships were enormous, restless settlers kept coming, and by the 1730s frontiersmen had already begun to pour into the Shenandoah Valley. Down to 1763, Great Britain had formulated no consistent policy for her colonial possessions. The guiding principle was the confirmed mercantilist view that colonies should supply the mother country with raw materials and not compete in manufacturing. But policy was poorly enforced, and the colonies had never thought of themselves as subservient. Rather, they considered themselves chiefly as commonwealths or states, much like England herself, having only a loose association with authorities in London. At infrequent intervals, sentiment in England was aroused and efforts were made by Parliament or the Crown to subordinate the economic activities and governments of the colonies to England’s will and interest – efforts to which the majority of the colonists were opposed. The remoteness afforded by a vast ocean allayed fears of reprisal the colonies might otherwise have had. Added to this remoteness was the character of life itself in early America. From countries limited in space and dotted with populous towns, the settlers had come to a land of seemingly unending reach. On such a continent natural conditions stressed the importance of the individual. 1. Frontier situation The colonists-inheritors of the traditions of the Englishman’s long struggle for political liberty-incorporated concepts of freedom into Virginia’s first charter. This provided that English colonists were to exercise all liberties, franchises, and immunities â€Å"as if they had been abiding and born within this our Realm of England. They were, then, to enjoy the benefits of the Magna Charta and the common law. In the early days, the colonies were able to hold fast to their heritage of rights because of the King’s arbitrary assumption that they were not subject to parliamentary control. In addition, for years afterward, the kings of England were too preoccupied with a great struggle in England itself – a struggle which culminated in the Puritan Revolution – to enforce their will. Before Parliament could bring its attention to the task of molding the American colonies to an imperial policy, they had grown strong and prosperous in their own right. From the first year after they had set foot upon the new continent, the colonists had functioned according to the English law and constitution – with legislative assemblies, a representative system of government, and a recognition of the common-law guarantees of personal liberty. But increasingly legislation became American in point of view, and less and less attention was paid to English practices and precedents. Nevertheless, colonial freedom from effective English control was not achieved without conflict, and colonial history abounds in struggles between the assemblies elected by the people and the governors appointed by the King. Still, the colonists were often able to render the royal governors powerless, for, as a rule, governors had â€Å"no subsistence but from the Assembly†. Governors were sometimes instructed to give profitable offices and land grants to influential colonists to secure their support for royal projects but, as often as not, the colonial officials, once they had secured these emoluments, espoused the popular cause as strongly as ever. The recurring clashes between governor and assembly worked increasingly to awaken the colonists to the divergence between American and English interests. Gradually, the assemblies took over the functions of the governors and their councils, which were made up of colonists selected for their docile support of royal power, and the center of colonial administration shifted from London to the provincial capitals. Early in the 1770s, following the final expulsion of the French from the North American continent, an attempt was made to bring about a drastic change in the relationship between the colonies and the mother country.

My Home, My City Essay

My hometown, â€Å"The Windy City† as some may call it, is the third largest city in the United States. Where I call home some of the world’s biggest names do to, from Barack Obama, to organized crime boss Al Capone, down to one of the NBA’s best, Derrick Rose. The United Center is the home of the 2013 Stanley Cup Champions, the Blackhawks. For the sports fans of my city, we know that the last time the Blackhawks won the championship, the Bears went to Super Bowl XLI. The United Center is also home to the Bulls. Every year, every season, my city holds a host of specials events for the city, and sometimes people come from every part of the world just for that special event. In the middle of August, there is a free Air and Water Show held on the lakefront of North Avenue Beach. This is a time, when different types of planes from the Army, National Guard, and sometimes even Wars fly around the city and show off their tricks. 201 East Randolph Street, is the corner w here Millennium Park sits just off Michigan Ave. Millennium Park is filled with architecture, landscape design, and art that allows you to actually touch and feel the piece of work. During the year, held in this park, are cultural programs, concerts, tours, and family activities. It is the â€Å"Town Square† of my city, and a place where tourist come to see for themselves! Throughout the summer for a week, the downtown streets are blocked off for â€Å"The Taste†. â€Å"The Taste† is an outdoor festival with the diversity of the city’s dining community. The variety of food served is also enjoyed by music and exciting activities for the whole family. Our forms of public transportation, pertain to the CTA known as the â€Å"L†. The â€Å"L† is a train system that runs from the south, north, east, and west side of my city, and if you want to go a further distance, you would take the Metra. My city is an overall great city, but it’s not the safest.

How to Have a Conversation With Your Dentist in English

How to Have a Conversation With Your Dentist in English Dental Check-up Sam: Hello, Doctor. Dr. Peterson: Good morning, Sam. How are you doing today? Sam: Im OK. Ive been having some gum pain recently. Dr. Peterson: Well, well take a look. Please recline and open your mouth.... thats good. Sam:(after being examined) How does it look? Dr. Peterson: Well, there is some inflammation of the gums. I think we should also do a new set of S-rays. Sam: Why do you say that? Is something wrong? Dr. Peterson: No, no, its just standard procedure every year. It looks like you may have a few cavities as well. Sam: Thats not good news .... hmmm Dr. Peterson: There are just two and they look superficial. Sam: I hope so. Dr. Peterson: We need to take X-rays to identify tooth decay, as well as check for decay between the teeth. Sam: I see. Dr. Peterson: Here, put on this protective apron. Sam: OK. Dr. Peterson: (after taking the X-rays) Things look good. I dont see any evidence of further decay. Sam: Thats good news! Dr. Peterson: Yes, Ill just get these two fillings drilled and taken care of and then well get your teeth cleaned. Key Vocabulary gums gum pain to recline open your mouth inflammation X-rays set of X-rays standard procedure cavities to identify tooth decay protective apron evidence of further decay fillings to drill to take care of to get your teeth cleaned More English for Medical Purposes Dialogues Dental ReceptionistTeeth Cleaning - Dental Hygienist and PatientTroubling Symptoms - Doctor and PatientJoint Pain - Doctor and PatientA Physical Examination - Doctor and PatientPain that Comes and Goes - Doctor and PatientA Prescription - Doctor, and PatientFeeling Queasy - Nurse and PatientHelping a Patient - Nurse and PatientPatient Details - Administration Staff and Patient

Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction - Essay Example In this thesis, I use Saudization as a metaphor to highlight the impact of the Saudi culture and way of life on one immigrant community, namely the Iraqi migrants in Saudi Arabia. Further explanation for this definition will be provided in the following sections of this introduction. Moving from one social environment to another has an impact of changing the living pattern of emigrants in various aspects of their lives. This thesis will investigate and discuss the actuality of the Saudization of those families. The research will focus on the group of conservative Iraqi families who emigrated in late 1960s from Iraq to Saudi Arabia for socio-economical and political reasons. Whereas the notion of conservativeness has different meaning in both countries a comparison of the two concepts will be provided in the coming chapters. What these conservative Iraqi families faced while they were settling and how they managed to make their place in the society is what the research will be focusing on, concentrating on the social changes experienced as a result of moving into a more conservative Islamic state and highlighting the ability of these families to cope with the differing cultures whilst still trying to maintain their socio-cultural identity to enhance the feeling o f belonging within their children of the second generation. These families were considered to be a minority amongst the other foreigners living in Saudi Arabia. The reasons for immigration also vary from one family to another significantly and each has their own stories to tell. Underneath the coherent appearance of these small community members, the disruptive effect of cross-cultural consequences plays out behind the facade. However, this can be identified only by one of its members or a highly involved individual who has a direct link which allows them to reach within the circle of innermost thoughts and experiences and break the barriers of pride. In order to provide a

In What Ways Might the Ownership and Control of the Media be said to Research Paper

In What Ways Might the Ownership and Control of the Media be said to Influence its Political Stance - Research Paper Example Political parties seek media support for creating a positive image for themselves. Corporate house and business groups look forward to this medium to create a positive brand image among their stakeholders. Mass media also depends on various sources for information needs, revenue and profit generation and operational ease. The first section of the paper discusses the role of media in general. This section is followed by ownership and control issues in the media. The next section discusses the influence of media in the political stance which is followed by a conclusion. The role of media is very important for any society. Media is one of the modes of information exchange. In the last few years, the overall industry has rapidly developed in many senses in the level of reach, frequency, mode of presentation and approach. The UK has the second largest publishing industry in Europe with a turnover of at least  £18.4 billion. More than 8000 plus companies have employed around 164,000 people. Media is an important source of various kind of information for all of us. It has been developed with the development in technologies and availability of new medium of information flows. Traditionally the source of information has been newspapers. Newspapers are still one of the most important types of media available in our society. Various kinds of media available in the present society are as follows: The print media is the traditional form of media. It includes leading newspapers, magazines. These can be categorized on the basis of target readers like their age group, gender, and other demographic profiles, on the basis of its content and subject matters and on the basis of the way it is being published like daily, weekly, fortnightly or monthly. Daily newspapers provide daily news in details and try to cover almost all topics.

Fascism, Nazism, Communism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fascism, Nazism, Communism - Essay Example This paper compares and contrasts Italian fascism, German Nazism and Soviet communism. â€Å"Fascism broke new grounds in its use of mass politics against the conservatives’ enemies, the left and liberals† (Paxton & Hessler, p.180). Same way fascism and communism also fought against capitalism and democracy. Hitler was not in a mood to accept an ideology like socialism. In his opinion, Germans were superior to other cultures and hence they have the right to enjoy more privileges than other cultures. Instead of working class, Hitler gave more importance to the ruling class. It should be noted that Soviet communism gave more importance to the interests of working class. It argued that the gap between the rich and poor should be reduced as much as possible and for that purpose the interests of the working class should be given priority. â€Å"Fascism and Nazism planned to make life better for the people through expanding the power of the government. Communism thought that people could have better lives if there was not a class system†(Nosotro). Italian fascism gave more importance class collaboration rather than class conflicts while Soviet communism gave more importance to class struggles rather than class collaboration. On the other hand, German Nazism gave more importance to national pride rather than socialism or economic inequalities. In fact â€Å"The catalyst to fascism was the threat of revolutionary socialism† (Paxton & Hessler, p.199). In other words, Italian fascism never believed in socialism. It argued that both working class and ruling class should work in collaboration to the economic growth of the country instead of trying to achieve socialism through revolutions. German Nazism on the other hand gave more importance to nationalism rather than economic inequalities of socialism. Hitler in a speech in 1928 argued that brutality rather than humanity is the basis of life! Man has become master of the world through conflict a nd continual struggle†¦ But mankind is not a uniform and equal mass. There are differences between races. The Earth has received its culture from elite peoples; what we see today is ultimately the result of the activity and the achievements of the Aryans (Kitson, p.1925). Nazism was adamant about the supremacy of Aryan culture over other cultures. It believed that only Aryans have the right to rule the world and other cultures should work under the Aryan leadership. Both Soviet communism and German Nazism were accepted uniformly in Soviet Union and Germany. However, Italian fascism was not accepted uniformly throughout Italy. â€Å"While the worker strongholds like Turin remained close to fascist ideas whereas the underdeveloped south remained in the hands of local bosses†(Paxton & Hessler, p.184). In other words, fascism failed to attract all Italians just like Soviet communism or German Nazism. ‘Italian fascism gained power in 1920 with the help of traditional co nservatives. Nazism also gained power in Germany in 1933 with help of similar alliances† (Paxton & Hessler, p.195). In short, both fascism and Nazism sought help from conservatives and fundamentalist to gain power. However, conservatives and fundamentalists were the strongest opponents of Soviet communism. Both fascism and Nazism are autocratic in nature compared to communism. Even though communism is not autocratic in nature, its principles and ideologies are not so democratic. It should be noted that Soviet communism was not giving any respect

Let the Free

Let the Freewriting Flow Essay Peter Elbow, author of the article â€Å"Freewriting† argues that using the technique freewriting is very beneficial for writers. Freewriting is nonstop writing without correcting or checking what you’ve already written. Elbow says writers should use this exercise at least three times a week to improve their writing skills. I strongly agree with his assessment from personal use of this technique. While writing my first freewrite I realized I was less stressed, I felt like the paper displayed my character more, and I was able to share all of my ideas without losing them. We are so caught up in trying to sound educated and proper in our writings it sometimes can take away from the actual piece. Writing while under stress often turns out in a disaster, usually why my pieces of writing aren’t always the best. Just like Elbow has said the reason people get so stressed while writing is because of how we are taught throughout school â€Å"schooling makes us obsessed with the mistakes we make in writing. Many people constantly think about spelling and grammar as they try to write. I am always thinking about the awkwardness, wordiness, and general mushiness of my natural verbal product as I try to write down words† (Elbow). This is completely true, the way we are taught in school adds a great deal of stress to the writer. At the beginning of every paper I’ve ever written for school I’ve always had stress because writing was never my strong suit to begin with and the requirements made it that much harder for me to develop a paper. Giving people such high standards for writing, yet telling them to make it their own is quite difficult for the writer because they are more worried about the structure rather than the actual content of the piece. People are also under stress while writing a paper because of who could be reading their piece, audience has a major impact on how a writer constructs their paper. With freewriting though you only have to worry about yourself reading over the paper so your ideas will flow easier onto the page because you a ren’t watching what your write in fear of offending someone. You are able to fully be yourself  throughout the piece. It’s difficult to incorporate character into your writing when you have to follow so many guidelines and worry about so many different things. Elbow states in his writing that you have a voice which is the main source of power in your writing, and unfortunately that â€Å"voice is damped out by all the interruptions, changes, and hesitations between the consciousness and the page† (Elbow). If we all had the same voice and then no ones writing would really be all that special. Freewriting helps the writer to find that voice because they are writing their exact ideas without anything interrupting them. Once they are done with the freewrite they are able to go back and fix it up a little but it will still be their voice and how they felt in the first place. Elbow makes a good point at the end of his piece saying that you only have one voice and you can’t give up on that voice no matter how much you may dislike it because without it you will never be heard, and your writing will never be your own. To me making the piece your own and to actually enjoy writing it is what writing should be about. Not the grammar mist akes, or how well it all flows. It should be about your thoughts and how you feel they should be expressed into a piece of writing. If writing is considered such a personal thing then we shouldn’t be so critiqued on every little thing throughout it. It’s happened more times than not when a writer loses an idea because they were too busy checking back on a previous one and trying to make it better. Using Elbow’s freewriting technique will ensure you to never lose an idea because as soon as it pops into your head you are able to write it down, even if it doesn’t exactly belong right there. Elbow also says that his technique stops the writer from editing their piece while writing allowing the ideas to flow more easily. I know from personal experience I lose ideas constantly because I’m worried about the previous paragraph, and if it was really good enough. When I wrote my freewrite I did not lose any ideas, I was able to get exactly what I wanted to say into that piece of writing and in the end if I wanted to I was able to go back and expand on them. Peter Elbow, author of the arti cle â€Å"Freewriting† has helped me be able to form a more well developed piece of writing through his technique, freewriting. This exercise has helped me stay calmer while I write my paper and helps me to not worry about what I’m writing the entire time. I benefit from Elbow’s technique this because once all of my ideas are out on paper I am able to go back and  form them into well-developed paragraphs just like I am required to do. The requirements from professors, bosses or whoever the audience may be will prevent someone from writing the best they can and making a piece their own because they are too worried about what the audience will think of it or if it’s good enough for their standards. For anyone who has trouble with forming ideas, or gets too caught up in the editing part of the paper while still writing should try out Elbow’s exercise freewriting and they may be surprised at how well it works and how much it may help them. I know I sure was shocked at how much it helped me especially after being a little uneasy about it at first I was pleasantly surprised. The freewriting exercise is what helped me develop this paper. I sat down for about an hour and was able to get all of my ideas down with no worries about grammar errors, or my audience, all I focused on was my ideas and what I thought was best to say in this paper. After I had finished it I went back and turned the freewrite into this piece. Since it worked so well for me I will now use freewriting before I start any of my papers in the future. Citation: Elbow, Peter. Freewriting. Freewriting. Center for Learning, Teaching, Communication, and Research, n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2014. http://faculty.buffalostate.edu/wahlstrl/eng309/Freewriting.pdf.

Group comparison in favour of ingroup identification

Group comparison in favour of ingroup identification Locus of bias: Ingroup favouritism or outgroup derogation Differentiation of group comparison in favour of ingroup identification Abstract The experiment proposed that differentiation between group comparisons transpire in favour of each participants assigned group .The experiment demonstrated how easily ingroup bias can be created, investigating minimal conditions required for prejudice to occur between groups .The experiment consisted of two parts a) a structure was to be build with an initial prize for the best group project b) students then rated all participants group projects individually. Results showed clearly that students rated their arbitrarily assigned ingroup task more positively and less negatively than their out-groups. The results demonstrated that ingroup bias was likely greater due to the competitive nature of the task. It is hypothesized that group members have a need for positive social identity which can be satisfied by favourable comparisons between in-group and out-group members. The findings support the outlook that ingroup favourability bias is stimulated by a need to maintain or enhance a posit ive social identity and that social categorization involves fundamentally a distinction between the group containing the self (Turner, 1975). Keywords: ingroup bias, outgroup derogation, intergroup relation, social identity, social categorization, collective identity Literature review Humans are primarily social animals. Not only is group living of clear contemporary importance (Spears et al., 1997), but also stands for a fundamental survival strategy that has likely characterized the human species from the beginning (Simpson Kenrick, 1997). The ways in which people understand their group membership consequently play a critical role in social conflict, agreement and intergroup integration. Sherif et al.s (1961) first observations demonstrated in addition that intergroup relations begin to sour soon after people classify others in terms of ingroup and outgroup. People are more generous and forgiving in their explanations for the behaviours of ingroup relative to outgroup members. Positive behaviours and successful outcomes are more likely to be attributed to internal, stable characteristics of the ingroup personality than outgroup members, and while negative outcomes are more likely to be credited to the personalities of outgroup members than of ingroup members (H ewstone, 1990; Pettigrew, 1979). Experiments using the minimal group paradigm (MGP), first introduced by Rabbie and Horwitz (1969) and Tajfel et.al (1971), had a great impact on subsequent theorizing and research in psychology. These studies revealed that members of the novel ingroup were favoured over members of outgroups. These results showed that a simple act of social categorization can acquire ingroup favouritism and relative outgroup derogation (Brewer, 1979; Brown, 2000). The most famous explanation of the mere categorization effect was provided by the social identity theory (Tajfel Turner, 1986). Social identity theory states that individuals classify themselves in terms of their group memberships and seek out to preserve a positive identity through association with positively valued groups and through comparisons with other groups (Tajfel Turner, 1979). in recent times psychologists also emphasize the role of the individual self in ingroup favouritism. According to some researchers (Clement Krueger, 2002), ingroup favouritism is often the result of a strong association between the ingroup and a positive self image. This necessity motivates social comparisons that favourably distinguish ingroup from outgroup members, first and foremost when self-esteem is also being challenged (Hogg Abrams, 1990). In this view, the self description therefore provides fundamental contribution to shape the ingroups prototype and in turn increases the likelihood of the development of intergroup biases and conflict (Schopler Insko, 1992). Discussion The experiments using small groups showed that the scores for the ingroup project were significantly larger than for outgroups. The intergroup bias, expressed by assigning positive attributes more strongly to the ingroup and negative attributes more strongly to the outgroup, was possibly due to a similarity between self -evaluation and ingroup evaluation and raise the question whether ingroup favouritism and outgroup derogation is caused by self competition and self-image within the group as proposed by Clement Krueger (2002). Different treatment of ingroup versus outgroup members, whether ingrained in favouritism for one group or derogation of another, can lead to different expectations, perceptions, and behaviour toward ingroup versus outgroup members. Conflict and ingroup bias can also result from the mere act of categorizing individuals into groups (Tajfel, 1969, 1978). Through the abundance of work using the minimal group paradigm, it is clear that arbitrarily dividing individu als into groups can enhance ingroup bias and outgroup hostility. Social categorization can produce ingroup bias, discrimination, stereotypes, as well as intergroup conflict arising from realistic competition between groups and intensify ingroup bias and outgroup hostility. Competition and conflicting group interests are not necessary basic for intergroup conflict. As groups view one another as likely competitors, they begin to compete, unintentionally bringing about the antagonistic rivalry they initially feared. This self-fulfilling prophecy can turn into an more and more intense conflict, as those implicated become even more convinced that the others are hostile (Sherif Sherif, 1953). In conclusion, it appears that the self is an important factor in forming impressions about new groups. Very small information about an ingroup and outgroup tends to project our own positive features onto the ingroup attributing contrastive features to outgroups. Self-imaging plays an important role in the initial exploratory stages when people become members of a new group. . Because of the centrality of the self in social perception (Higgins Bargh, 1987; Kihlstrom et al., 1988), it is suggested that social categorization involves most basically a difference between the group containing the self (the ingroup) and other groups (the outgroups) between the wes and the theys (Tajfel Turner, 1979;Turner et al., 1987). This division has an ample influence on evaluations, cognitions, and behaviour. Rationally understanding the nature of bias and conflict can suggest ways in which these forces can be channelled and redirected to endorse social harmony. For example, once people identify with a universal group identity, they may be more trusting of previous outgroup members and as a result be willing to make use of the type of personalized, self-disclosing interaction that can promote this social harmony (Brewer Miller, 1984; Dovidio et al., 1997). Consequently factors related to structural and functional relations between groups and those related with joint representations (e.g., involving joint intergroup differentiation, re-categorization and de-categorization processes) can function in a balancing and give-and-take approach (Gaertner, 2001).

The Importance of Diversity in Education Essay -- Diversity in Educati

I worked within an Independent School System for 10 years. As I contemplated the idea of working towards my Master’s in Education I brought with me the idea of diversity in education and why facilitating different school systems is vital to a healthy society. â€Å"Not every youngster gets along well in the public school system.† (Cunningham, 171) said Pat McGeer of the Ministry of Education publication Education Today. This very statement was a cry from thousands of families throughout the province of British Columbia in the 1960s. (Sullivan, 1988) My argument for this paper is that for governments to be ethical and moral agents they must hear the voices of their constituents, even if they are a few; and then respond equitably and with fairness. This equity and fairness includes policies ensuring their legitimacy and funding to facilitate their diversity. This idea then led me to the whole debate of whether parents should have the choice between public and inde pendent education. This debate primarily came into existence with â€Å"The Independent Schools Support Act in 1977† (Sullivan, 1988); although historically the idea of funding two systems can be â€Å"traced as far back as the colonial era of British Columbia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Sullivan, 1988). For the purpose of this essay, I want to explore how government’s equitable treatment of constituents lends itself to â€Å"good† government. From my perspective, the growth of the Independent School system has come out of the willingness by government to recognize and provide funding, thus giving parents the choice. â€Å"Accessibility and choice† (Sullivan, 1988) in education are interconnected and without either one, schools struggle to remain a viable option. It wasn’t until the Royal Commission in 1987 th... ...rt K. (1977). Servant Leadership. In Larry C. Spears & Robert K. Greenleaf (Eds.) (25th Anniversary Ed.) Servant Leadership: A Journey Into The Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness (87-95). New York: Paulist Press. Maxwell, John C. (1993). Developing The Leader Within You. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers. Saul, John Ralston. (2008). A Fair Country: Telling Truths About Canada. New York: Penguin Group. Sullivan, Barty M. (1988). Royal Commission – Extract on Independent Schools. Federation of Independent School Associations. 8.C.2. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Yukl, Gary. (2010). Leadership in Organizations (7th Ed.) New Jersey: Prentice Hall. (2001, January). A Luxury the People of BC Cannot Afford: A CUPE BC Backgrounder on Independent Schools. (2007, September 17) Ontario Votes 2007. Faith-based schools.

Lord Alfred Tennyson’s Crossing the Bar Essay

Lord Alfred Tennyson’s Crossing the Bar is an allegory of death, imagined as a journey on an infinite sea. The speaker in the poem, who is the author himself, muses on the call that urges him to â€Å"cross the bar†. The whole work is therefore constructed on this principal metaphor, the crossing of the sand barrier and the plunge into the infinite journey on the sea. What is significant in the poem is the way in which Tennyson perceives death. While death is usually perceived as closure, in Crossing the Bar it is understood as a religious encounter. Death is not only the resolution of earthly life but also the beginning of the afterlife. The imagery of the poem is extremely suggestive for the death theme. Notably, the poet does not focus on the end of life and the pain of separation, but only on the experience that expects him after death. The fact that death is pictured as a threshold and afterlife as a vast sea indicates that the author embarks on this journey without regret. The journey is meant to begin at twilight, which again alludes to the end of life and the beginning of a new experience: â€Å"Twilight and evening bell, / And after that the dark! † (Tennyson 203). The poet also emphasizes that there should be no mourning to accompany him, as he crosses the bar. This idea enhances the poet’s optimistic view of death. The only sound to be heard, that of the dormant tide, is also symbolic. First of all, the drowsiness of the sea emphasizes the idea of death. Also, the retractile movement of the waves expresses the idea that the idea that the traveler will not return from his voyage this time. Death will only be the beginning of eternity and the poet will find the divinity on the other side: For tho from out our borne of Time and Place The flood may bare me far, I hope to see my Pilot face to face When I have crost the bar. (Tennyson 203) The place after death cannot be mapped by earthly coordinates, such as time and place. Interestingly however, there remains one valid landmark which ensures that the poet will never get lost or suffer in solitude: the pilot. The pilot is obviously a symbol for the spiritual guidance offered by the divinity in both earthly existence and in the afterlife. Thus, Tennyson’s Crossing the Bar is a metaphorical representation of death, as a voyage into the infinite unknown. The sand bar represents death, while the unlimited sea is the symbol of everlasting life. The most striking figure of the poem is the pilot, an image of the divinity, who awaits the poet on the other side. The boundless sea lacks any earthly coordinates, while it retains only that of spiritual guidance. Through this poem, Tennyson represents death as a passage into a purely spiritual life, guided by God. ? Works Cited: Tennyson, Lord Alfred. Selected Poems (New Oxford English Series). New York: Oxford University Press, 1963.

MBA Corporate Governance And Responsibility Essay

Why did it take 10 years to bring Harshad Mehta to justice? What weaknesses in the financial markets allowed such abuse to succeed? Harshad Mehta’s scam was one which involved huge magnitudes, which is why it probably came into light in the first place.[1] Scams of smaller magnitude are happening almost everyday at the Bombay Stock Exchange but not coming to light. There are many reasons for this. Some of the major reasons are briefly discussed below. The Indian businesses have traditionally being family owned. Owing to concentration of money in a few hands, most people have concentrated on survival and security due to which the risking loving entrepreneurial skill has not developed much. Being family owned businesses, a lot of insider and sensitive information is often available to the owners and their relatives even though the company is technically a separate legal entity. Given this insider information and the relatively weak legal machinery, it is easy for the insiders to manipulate prices of stocks by large buying or selling. The reason outlined above also gives rise to the herd mentality i.e. if bulk activity is seen on a stock on a particular day in a particular reaction; people seem to trust it quickly believing that some one with insider and reliable information is acting upon it. This is what helped Harshad Mehta in pulling off the scam. Further, there are hardly any checks and balances on the end use of loans given by banks and other financial institutions. They seem to be satisfied by the reputation of the borrower and once they are convinced that he can return the money, the end use of the same whether for speculation or any other activity is hardly looked into. It took as long as ten years to bring Harshad Mehta to justice due to the combination of many systemic failures and procedural lacuna. Firstly, it is difficult to pin point in such a huge market as to where the first default or breach of law took place. Further, there are many procedural approvals that must be taken before the regulator can take any concrete action. The country’s civil procedure process is quite slow too, with many appeals available before an offender is finally convicted. Therefore, even high profile cases such as these often take several years before finally being disposed off. How can ethics in the boardroom be monitored and controlled? Ethics, in the first place, is a rather complicated and complex issue. There is no straightjacket formula as different situations would demand different measures. In the boardroom, where money is at stake, and everyone has their own business to mind, it is probably even more difficult. This has been a subject of considerable debate, and there are certain measures which companies should generally apply, with specific variations in accordance with the particular situation at hand. Some of these general principles are briefly discussed below.[2]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Firstly, there has to be strict avoidance of concentration of important powers and functions in a few hands. As can be seen from the Maxwell Affair of 1991, too many responsibilities in different areas of management are likely to be fatal to the company. Further, the delegation of power must not be absolute. Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. There should be checks and balances right upto the top level. At the top most level, where it is difficult to have checks and balances in a vertical hierarchy, the same should be had using a horizontal structure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strong ethical base and principles must come in from the top and trickle down to the bottom. It is important that these principles are insisted upon, no matter how bad a situation a company is in. They should be introduced as non-negotiable to every new employee who joins, so that when he climbs the ranks in the corporate ladder, he is equally insistent about such principles. Gradually, a strong ethical culture is built. Is there a discernible difference between Enron’s fraud and Madoff’s appeal to elite investors? There is quite a discernible difference between Enron’s fraud and Madoff’s appeal to elite investors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Enron’s fraud was a clear case of lack of watchful auditing and poor accounting practices. The profits were terribly overstated and the accounts were shown to pose a rosy picture of the state of affairs of the company. The true state of affairs was not revealed to the shareholders and other stakeholders in the company. The auditors were cleverly deceived, and they too didn’t do any follow up action.[3]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Madoff’s case is a much more complex one than Enron. Madoff’s case has largely been seen as one which could never be expected, and therefore no laws are in place to remedy such a situation. Unlike Enron’s case, which can be foreseen, Madoff’s case was completely unique and innovative. Enron’s case has been foreseen by the law makers, due to which many laws are in place to keep in check of the same. Firstly, there are accounting standards and conventions which must be adhered to by all companies. Second, all companies are statutorily required to get their accounts audited so as to doubly ensure that they reflect a true and fair view of the affairs of the company. Although it has been said in a landmark decision, that an auditor is a watchdog and not a bloodhound, it can be said that the auditors failed to do an upto-the mark job in Enron and hence the scandal.[4]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, in complete contrast, Madoff’s case is so unexpected that there are no laws which effectively deal with such a situation. He used his reputation of being an expert at the Wall Street and a continued promise to offer secured and steady returns to swindle many high net worth individuals of millions of dollars. Such an exercise of personal confidence is difficult for the law to stop. Now, in retrospect, of course there are laws which mandate certain disclosures in case of any broker or person dealing on another’s behalf in the stock market. Further, there are investor awareness and know-your-rights campaigns by the regulator.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, another importance difference between the two scandals which essentially flows from the main difference is the solutions that they demand are very different from each other. What steps would you take as an independent director on the board of a company where you had reason to believe that fraudulent or unethical activities were being carried out by the high-profile company leader? First of all, being an independent director, there is a great amount of responsibility on my shoulder to ensure that such policies are pushed for, which make it near to impossible for fraudulent or unethical activities to be carried out by any individual in the company. However, if this was to happen, there would be a series of measures I would attempt to take. Firstly, it would be important to get the whole Board of Directors, or as far as it may be practicable, into confidence so as to ensure that the top level management is not divided on such an important issue. Once this is done, it is important to have an internal conference with the suspected offender about his objectionable activities. It is important at this stage to consider all possible solutions to the problem, as open action against such a person should be the last resort, given that such information is particularly sensitive, and it would adversely affect the reputation of the company, if it were to get leaked. Therefore, it is also important that only so many people are made aware of such a situation as are required. It is essential that the matter not be lingered, and damage control be the top most priority.   Again, every possible option should be explored including plea bargaining and settlement through mediation or negotiation.[5] The suspected offender should also be taken into confidence that full disclosure would be in his best interests too. No threat or action should be immediately taken against him, as then he might attempt to conceal the substance of the matter, which would be eventually then take a long time to be fathomed. Any severe action contemplated should be taken only once the issue has been fully resolved. Finally, once the issue has been resolved, there should be a fall back to see why such an event happened, and what can the company do in future to prevent it. The offender should not be let off lightly, as this may go on to set a bad example. At the same time, the best interests of the company in the long run must be kept in mind. REFERENCES Anonymous, â€Å"Harshad Mehta: A Scandal to Remember† f. www.casestudy.co.in (Last Visited 25 July, 2010). Anonymous, â€Å"Key Biscayne Connection in Madoff Scandal†, Key Biscayne Times, 23 July, 2010. Cathy Thomas, â€Å"Behind the Enron Scandal†, TIME Magazine, June 2002. Kevin MacDonald, â€Å"Is the Madoff Scandal Problematic?†, Occidental Quarterly Online, July 2010. Stephanie Maier, â€Å"How global is good corporate governance?†, EIRIS Report, Aug 2005. [1] Anonymous, â€Å"Harshad Mehta: A Scandal to Remember† c.f. www.casestudy.co.in (Last Visited 25 July, 2010). [2] Stephanie Maier, â€Å"How global is good corporate governance?†, EIRIS Report, Aug 2005. [3] Cathy Thomas, â€Å"Behind the Enron Scandal†, TIME Magazine, June 2002. [4] Kevin MacDonald, â€Å"Is the Madoff Scandal Problematic?†, Occidental Quarterly Online, July 2010. [5] Anonymous, â€Å"Key Biscayne Connection in Madoff Scandal†, Key Biscayne Times, 23 July, 2010.